Feudalism, a system that for centuries governed the political and social landscape of Europe, emerged from the ashes of the Byzantine Realm. In its prime, land was the cornerstone of power, and lords granted holdings to vassals in exchange for loyalty. Serfs labored the land, providing sustenance for their lords and themselves. This mutually benefi

The ancient Egyptians were competent builders; employing only simple but efficient tools and sighting instruments, architects could Develop substantial stone structures with fantastic accuracy and precision that continues to be envied right now.[143] Scribes and officials formed the upper course in ancient Egypt, called the "white kilt class" in r